PART II - NORMAN NYAZEMA - CHILDHOOD

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00:30 - Pa Gomo

On a hill.

00:39 - Mbare 

Harare township during the colonial days, was built for the black working class from all over the central Africa, it was the first high-density, suburb of Harare, Zimbabwe. The name was changed to Mbare after independence in 1980.

00:41 - Harare Township 

Prior to independence, "Harare" was the name of the black residential area now known as Mbare. 

02:27 - Stodart hall

Mbare’s biggest community centre, claims a high but uncelebrated place in the corridors of history. Not many people, especially younger generations, will know that it was in this emblematic building, at the outset of the Second Chimurenga (liberation war) , that nationalists met and plotted confrontation of the colonial Government.

02:29 - Highfields 

Highfield was then the largest and second oldest high-density suburb or township in Harare, Zimbabwe built to house Rhodesians of African origin. 

02:39 - ZANU 

The Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) is an organisation that was formed after a split from the Zimbabwe African People's Union in 1963 (ZAPU) Both organisations were committed to armed struggle to liberate Zimbabwe from the colonialists. 

03:03 - Robert Mugabe 

(21 February 1924 – 6 September 2019) Robert Gabriel Mugabe was a Zimbabwean revolutionary and politician who served as Prime Minister of Zimbabwe from 1980 to 1987 and then as President from 1987 to 2017. 

Professor Nyazema shared the following thoughts on Mugabe after recording "Sometimes described as a Marxist scholar, than a true Marxist."

03:40, 04:31, 04:50 - Chirungu

The english language.

05:20 - Mudhara Jimmy 

Mudhara is a sign of respect, colloquially translating to a big brother,  the word is used as a term of endearment. Jimmy is short James, he was Professor Nyazema's friend's brother.

06:20 - Form 3

Third year of high school in Zimbabwe (10th year of formal schooling).

06:30 - Gormonzi High school 

The school was established in 1946 as the first boarding school for black students.

It is infamous for the role many of its graduates and teachers played in the liberation of Zimbabwe.

08:17 - Flower Power 

Flower Power was a slogan used by people who described themselves as 'hippies'. The movement was formed in the late 1960's and early 1970's in the United States as a non violent protest to the Vietnam War. 'Hippies' dressed in flowery clothing and wore flowers in their hair. Was then translated into Zimbabwe through Music, which was being played on the radio at that time. 

Professor Nyazema shared the following thoughts on the flower power after recording "The music event that stands out clearly for anyone who was a teenager at that time was Woodstock. In addition there was a popular music station that used to broadcast such kind of music from Portuguese East Africa now Mozambique, Lorenzo Marques, now Maputo. The flower power movement was also prevalent in the large screen theaters, such as Mai Msodzi and Stodart hall in Harare, Cyril Jennings hall in Highfields."

08:31 - UDI 

The Unilateral Declaration of Independence was a statement adopted by the Cabinet of Rhodesia on 11 November 1965, declaring itself completely independent from the British colonial office. The Rhodesian government, which mostly comprised members of the country's white minority of about 5%, was indignant when, amid the UK colonial government's Wind of Change policies of decolonisation, less developed African colonies to the north without comparable experience of self-rule quickly advanced to independence during the early 1960s while Rhodesia was refused sovereignty under the newly ascendant principle of "no independence before majority rule" ("NIBMAR"). Most white Rhodesians felt that they were due independence following four decades of self-government, and that the British government was betraying them by withholding it. 

Professor Nyazema shared the following thoughts on UDI after recording "The intention was to entrench white rule, and gradual inclusion of the indigenous people as time went by. It was a modification of the Apartheid philosophy in South Africa at the time."

11:20 - Tsotsi 

A tout, hoodlum or street thug, especially one from the townships. (southern African colloquialism).

13:22 - Salisbury 

Colonial name of the capital city of Zimbabwe, now know as Harare.

16:22 - Expulsion of Indian people from Uganda 

In early August 1972, the President of Uganda, Idi Amin, ordered the expulsion of his country's Asian minority, giving them 90 days to leave the country. Expulsion of Asians: 1972.

17:53 - Mapurisa 

The police (shona).

17:57 - British Bobby 

Bobby, slang term for a member of London's Metropolitan Police derived from the name of Sir Robert Peel, who established the force in 1829.

18:00 - 'The Federation'- Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland was a colonial federation that consisted of three southern African territories—the self-governing British colony of Southern Rhodesia and the British protectorates of Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland—between 1953 and 1963.

22:50 - Supplementary / Sup 

an additional exam (or other form of assessment) that may be approved for a student in the following circumstances: A student who has come close to passing a subject and meets the relevant College guidelines for awarding a supplementary exam. 

28:50 - ZAPU 

The Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU) is a Zimbabwean socialist political party that was founded in 1961. It is an organization and political party that were committed to armed struggle to liberate Zimbabwe from the colonialists. 

29:10 - Patriotic Front 

The Patriotic Front in Zimbabwe was a coalition of two main African political parties: the Zimbabwe African Peoples Union (ZAPU) and the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) which had worked together to fight against white minority rule in Rhodesia. The Patriotic Front was formed at the insistence of front line country leaders namely Zambia, Mozambique & Tanzania. The armed forces of ZANU and ZAPU named ZANLA & ZIPRA were using the frontline states as bases from which they mounted the armed struggle, hence the pressure to form a common front was put to bear on the leaders in exile. Before the political amalgamation, the armed forces ZANLA  & ZIPRA had already been combined to form ZIPA (Zimbabwe People's army).

Professor Nyazema shared the following thoughts on the Patriotic Front after recording "Unfortunately in 1980 the two political parties decided to contest separately for parliamentary seats. In these elections ZAPU contested as Patriotic Front whereas ZANU contested as ZANU-Patriotic Front. In 1988 the ruling ZANU absorbed ZAPU to become [Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front] (ZANU-PF) for good."

30:06 - Kenneth Kaunda 

(born 28 April 1924), also known as KK, is a Zambian former politician who served as the first President of Zambia from 1964 to 1991. 

30:14 - Samora Machel 

was a Mozambican military commander and political leader. A socialist in the tradition of Marxism–Leninism, he served as the first President of Mozambique from the country's independence in 1975.

30:40 - UANC 

The United African National Council (UANC) was a political party in Zimbabwe.

Professor Nyazema shared the following thoughts on ANC & UANC after recording "UANC was a re-organisation of the ANC, which had been formed under the guidance of the political movements (particularly ZAPU & ZANU) which were outside the country at the time to organise against the Pearce constitutional commission enquiry in 1972. Which subsequently voted no against the proposed constitution, which legislated the continued sharing of power at the expense of "no independence before majority rule" ("NIBMAR"). When ANC was formed Abel Muzorewa was chosen as an acceptable candidate by political structures in and outside Zimbabwe."

In 1979, led by Bishop Abel Muzorewa, the UANC Party held formal power in Zimbabwe during the short-lived period of the Internal Settlement. Zimbabwe (which had been called Rhodesia) was briefly known as Zimbabwe Rhodesia during this time. In 1980, during the Zimbabwean parliamentary election, the UANC Party was generally defeated by Robert Mugabe's Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF) Party. 

30:50 - Muzorewa 

Abel Tendekayi Muzorewa (14 April 1925 – 8 April 2010), also commonly referred to as Bishop Muzorewa, served as Prime Minister of Zimbabwe Rhodesia from the Internal Settlement to the Lancaster House Agreement in 1979. A United Methodist Church bishop and nationalist leader, he held office for only a few months. 

31:30 - Lanacaster agreement

The Lancaster House Agreement, signed on 21 December 1979, declared a ceasefire, ending the Rhodesian Bush War; and directly led to Rhodesia achieving internationally recognised independence as Zimbabwe.

32:40 - Strive Masiyiwa

(born 29 January 1961) is a London-based Zimbabwean billionaire businessman and philanthropist. He is the founder and executive chairman of the international technology group Econet Global. 

Common Shona words used in this episode 

Chirungu - english 

Murungu - white person 

Varungu - white people 

Inini/Ini - myself 

Ma - the 

Pa - at 

Kuti - transition word similar to that so